1. UNLESS ( a no ser que... ; a menos que... ):
We can use unless to mean “if...not”:
Unless I hurry, I´ll miss the train. ( If I don’t hurry...)
We often use unless in threats ( amenazas ): Unless you stop making that noise, I´ll scream!
And in warnings ( advertencias ): You´ll be late unless you go now.
2. AS LONG AS ; PROVIDED/PROVIDING (THAT) (siempre que... ; mientras/con tal de que... ; a condición de que...)
We use these expressions to mean “if but only if”: You can borrow my camera as long as you´re
careful with it.
I´ll go to the party provided that you go too.
3. AND ; OR (ELSE) ( y ; o ; bien...; si no...)
We sometimes use and to join Stay in bed for a few days and you´ll be fine.
two ideas instead of using an if- clause: ( If you stay in bed for a few days, you´ll be fine )
We use or (else) to mean “if not” or“otherwise”: Don´t try to lift that box or (else) you´ll hurt yourself.
( If you try to lift that box, you´ll hurt yourself )
4. SHOULD ( si... )
We can use should instead of if If we have enough time, we´ll visit Robert.
when we are less sure about a posssibility: Perhaps we will have enough time)
Should we have enough time, we´ll visit Robert.
(I am less sure that we will have enough time)
5. SUPPOSED/SUPPOSING ( si..., en el caso de que...)
We can also use supposed or supposing Supposed/Supposing you won the lottery,
what would you do?
instead of if, especially in unreal conditions:
A) Rephrase the sentences using UNLESS
Example: If we don´t leave now, we´ll miss the start of the film.
Unless we leave now, we´ll miss the start of the film.
1. If you don´t wear your coat, you´ll be cold.
2. We´ll play tennis tomorrow if it doesn´t rain.
3. He won´t receive the letter tomorrow if you don´t post it before 1 o´clock today.
4. If I don´t get a pay rise at work, I´ll start looking for another job.
5. I won´t lend you the car if you don´t promise to drive carefully.
6. Your cough won´t get better if you don´t stop smoking.
B) Choose the correct word or expression
1. Unless/Provided you tell the truth, everything will be all right.
2. In Britain you can marry at the age of sixteen unless/providing you have your parents´permission.
3. He won´t forgive you unless/as long as you say you are sorry.
4. Unless/Providing you lend me the money, I won´t be able to go on holiday.
5. I´ll buy the car unless/as long as it´s not too expensive.
C) Read the sentence. Make a new sentence with the same meaning using the word(s) in brackets.
Example: If you don´t hurry up, you´ll be late. ( or )
Hurry up or you´ll be late.
1. If you don´t stop making that noise, I´ll hit you. ( or )
2. If you take this umbrella, you won´t get wet. ( and )
3. If you don´t drive more carefully, you´ll have an accident. ( or else )
4. If you help me, I´ll help you. (and )
D) Complete the sentences using should /I/he/she and the following verbs: miss change be need fail
1. I think I´ll arrive at the meeting on time, but.......................late, please start without me.
2. I think I´ve got enough money, but...........................any more, I´ll borrow some.
3. I´m sure he´ll pass the exam, but............................, he can always take it again.
4. I don´t think I´ll go to the party, but.............................my mind I´ll let you know.
5. She expects to catch the last bus, but...........................it, she´ll take a taxi.
E) Join each idea in A with the most suitable idea from B. Make sentences beginning Supposed/ Supposing.
A B
1. I moved to Scotland, would you have taken it?
2. someone finds my wallet, what would the prize have been?
3. they had stayed at our house, do you think they will take it to the police?
4. they had offered you the job, you come and visit me?
5. you had won the competition where would they have slept?
